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Ĭlosely cooperating with the SS and the Einsatzgruppen, the German armed forces committed numerous war crimes (despite later denials and promotion of the myth of the clean Wehrmacht). The German operational art proved no match to the war-making abilities of the Allied coalition, making the Wehrmacht's weaknesses in strategy, doctrine, and logistics apparent. At the same time, the far-flung advances strained the Wehrmacht's capacity to the breaking point, culminating in its first major defeat in the Battle of Moscow (1941) by late 1942, Germany was losing the initiative in all theatres. Its campaigns in France (1940), the Soviet Union (1941) and North Africa (1941/42) are regarded by historians as acts of boldness. In the early part of the Second World War, the Wehrmacht employed combined arms tactics (close-cover air-support, tanks and infantry) to devastating effect in what became known as Blitzkrieg (lightning war). The Wehrmacht formed the heart of Germany's politico-military power. This required the reinstatement of conscription and massive investment and defense spending on the arms industry. Īfter the Nazi rise to power in 1933, one of Adolf Hitler's most overt and audacious moves was to establish the Wehrmacht, a modern offensively-capable armed force, fulfilling the Nazi régime's long-term goals of regaining lost territory as well as gaining new territory and dominating its neighbours. The designation ' Wehrmacht' replaced the previously used term Reichswehr and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force). 'defence force') were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.

The Wehrmacht ( German pronunciation: ( listen), lit.

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